Cirebon Annual Multidiciplinary International Conference (CAMIC)
We are pleased to inform you that Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati will organize The 2nd Cirebon Annual Multidisciplinary International Conference (CAMIC) 2025. Conference theme: Technology and Innovations: The Roles of Higher Educations in Addressing Global Challenges Sub Theme Conference: 1. Innovative Teaching and Learning Technologies 2. Sustainable Development through Technological Innovation 3. Digital Transformation in Higher Education 4. Higher Education and Artificial Intelligence in Global Problem-Solving 5. Innovative Research in Healthcare and Technology 6. Smart Technologies and Sustainable Cities 7. Cross-Disciplinary Approaches to Global Challenges 8. Technological Innovations for Inclusive Education 9. The Ethics of Innovation in Higher Education 10. University-Industry Collaboration for Innovation 11. Technology in Addressing Climate Change 12. Higher Education as a Catalyst for Digital Entrepreneurship 13. Technology for Global Health Equity 14. The Future of Work: Preparing Graduates for Technological Disruption 15. Policy and Governance in Technology-Driven Higher Education Date: 9 January 2025 Venue: Faculty of Medicine, UGJ, Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia We would like to invite you and your institution to participate and contribute your valuable papers to be presented at this conference. Important Dates: Abstract submission deadline: 15 December 2024 Notification of abstract acceptance: 20 December 2024 Full paper submission deadline: 2 January 2025 Notification of full paper acceptance: 4 January 2025 Conference date: 9 January 2025 Link of abstract submission: https://bit.ly/Abstract_CAMIC2025 Publication: International Proceeding with ISSN Accredited Journal (Sinta 2, Sinta 3, Sinta 4) You may transfer the expenses for your involvement to : Bank BNI Account Number: 346192529 Account Name: Trusti Hapsari If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us at +6285200732727 (Mz Lia). Your contribution will be part of an exciting program. Thank you for your attention and support. Looking forward to seeing you.
The Influence of Qris Use on Shopping Behavior in Faculty Economics and Business Students Swadaya Gunung Jati University
The development of digital payment systems has contributed to changes in students’ shopping behavior, particularly through the use of the Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS). This study aims to explore the effect of QRIS usage on the shopping behavior of students at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati (FEB UGJ). This research employs a qualitative approach using semi structured interviews with nine FEB UGJ students selected through purposive sampling. The respondents were categorized into three groups based on the intensity of QRIS usage, namely frequent users, moderate users, and infrequent users, as all respondents were familiar with and had experience using QRIS. The findings indicate that QRIS usage has varying effects on students’ shopping behavior. Students categorized as frequent users tend to experience an increase in shopping frequency and expenditure due to the convenience of transactions and the availability of promotions such as cashback and discounts. Moderate users utilize QRIS situationally, particularly when they do not carry cash or when promotional offers are available, with a relatively balanced level of spending control. Meanwhile, infrequent users tend to prefer cash payments due to financial control considerations, psychological comfort, and concerns related to technical and security aspects of digital transactions. Nevertheless, all respondents acknowledged that QRIS provides convenience and efficiency in daily transactions. This study concludes that QRIS usage influences the shopping behavior of FEB UGJ students, particularly in terms of shopping frequency, perceived convenience, and expenditure control. These findings highlight that the intensity of QRIS usage plays an important role in shaping students shopping patterns, indicating the need for financial awareness and literacy to ensure that QRIS is used wisely.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cirebon Annual Multidiciplinary International Conference (CAMIC)
The Effectiveness of Green Marketing Strategy on Customer Loyalty through Consumer Satisfaction in Muslim Fashion
This study aims to evaluate the influence of green marketing strategies on customer loyalty by considering the mediation role of customer satisfaction, as well as the influence of religious, social, and ethical values in the context of Muslim fashion consumers. The approach used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) referring to the PRISMA 2020 protocol. A total of 34 scholarly articles published between 2015 and 2025 that meet the inclusion criteria were systematically analyzed to identify the relationship patterns among the studied variables.The results show that green marketing strategies have a positive effect on customer loyalty, but this influence is significantly strengthened when mediated by customer satisfaction. Satisfaction arises not only from product benefits but also from the alignment of the brand’s values with the religious and social principles believed by Muslim consumers. Additionally, spiritual and ethical values have been proven to play an essential role in shaping attitudes and loyalty towards environmentally friendly products.This study makes a conceptual contribution to the development of value-based green marketing and enriches the study of Muslim consumer behavior in developing countries. These findings provide a foundation for a more ethical, contextual, and sustainable green marketing strategy.
The Influence of Green Human Resource Management and Green Transformational Leadership in Shaping Green Employee Behavior in Private Elementary Schools
Although Green Employee Behavior (GEB) has been extensively explored in corporate and business environments, far less attention has been given to its development within educational institutions, particularly private elementary schools. In fact, schools hold a vital role in nurturing sustainability values from an early stage through the example set by educators. This study investigates how Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) and Green Transformational Leadership (GTL) contribute to shaping Green Employee Behavior (GEB), while also examining the mediating roles of Green Knowledge Sharing (GKS) and Employee Environmental Awareness (EEA). Using a quantitative explanatory approach, data were gathered through a survey of 214 permanent teachers from private elementary schools across five areas of Jakarta. Responses were measured using a five-point Likert scale and analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results indicate that GHRM positively influences GEB both directly and indirectly through Green Knowledge Sharing. In addition, Green Transformational Leadership strengthens Green Employee Behavior by enhancing Employee Environmental Awareness and encouraging knowledge-sharing practices among educators. Practically, the study suggests that schools should implement structured green HR policies, promote collaborative green knowledge-sharing practices, and develop transformational leadership competencies to foster environmental awareness and sustainable employee behavior in educational institutions.
Beyond Emergency Response: From Event-Based Regulations to System Based Regulation in The Governance of Post Disaster Health Crisis Management in Aceh
The historical development of disaster management law in Indonesia reveals a strong tendency toward the enactment of regulations as reactive responses to crisis events (event-based regulation). This pattern has proven ineffective in ensuring the sustainable management of post-disaster health crises, as reflected in the handling of the health crisis following the 2004 Aceh tsunami. This study aims to analyze the paradigmatic shift in the regulation of post-disaster health crisis management from an event-based approach to a system-based regulation approach within the legal governance framework of disaster management in Aceh. The research employs a normative juridical method, using statutory and conceptual approaches, through an analysis of Law Number 24 of 2007 on Disaster Management and Aceh Qanun Number 5 of 2010 on Disaster Management. The 2025 Aceh flood is utilized as an empirical context to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of these regulatory frameworks. The findings indicate that the application of system-based regulation is more effective in limiting the escalation of health crises, ensuring the continuity of health services, and strengthening cross-sectoral coordination, compared to the reactive and fragmented nature of event-based regulation. This study affirms that post-disaster health crises are not inevitable consequences but are largely determined by the regulatory model adopted. Therefore, strengthening the implementation of system-based regulation constitutes a fundamental prerequisite for the protection of disaster victims’ right to health within the framework of the rule of law.
Inhancing Educational Quality through Madrasah Principal Managerial Competence
Excellent education requires good management. However, in reality, Madrasahs remain weak in planning, human resource management, curriculum and learning management, facilities and infrastructure management, financial management, public relations management, quality management, student management, and leadership management. The Madrasah principal is one of the most important components of education that plays a crucial role in improving educational quality. Each Madrasah principal has full responsibility for all operational aspects of the Madrasah's operations, from planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and supervising to ensuring quality education. This study aims to describe the role of the Madrasah principal's managerial competence in improving educational quality at MTs Miftahussalam 1 Wonosalam Demak, MTs Jogoloyo Demak, MA NU Salafiyah Demak, MA Miftahul Huda Jepara, MA Darul Hikmah Jepara, MA Wahid Hasyim Jepara, MA Manahijul Huda Pati, MA Madarijul Huda Pati, MA Sirojul Anam Pati. The research questions are formulated as follows: 1) What is the role of the Madrasah principal's managerial competence in improving educational quality at Madrasah. 2) What are the direct and indirect supporting and inhibiting factors in improving educational quality at Madrasah? 3) How does the principal's managerial competence affect the quality of education at the Madrasah? This research is a case study with a descriptive approach. Data collection used interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. Data were analyzed using data reduction and data presentation, and finally, conclusions were drawn. The results indicate that 1) the principal's managerial role is quite good, having established several educational standards to improve the quality of education through planning, implementation, development, and evaluation in the areas of curriculum, facility and infrastructure management, strengthening community relations, student activity management, and madrasah financing management. 2) Direct supporting factors consist of qualified madrasah human resources and adequate facilities and infrastructure. Indirect supporting factors include the active role of parents and foundation support. Meanwhile, direct inhibiting factors include a limited budget and low student motivation. Indirect inhibiting factors include the shared location with the Madrasah Aliyah and the students' social environment, which contributes to a less conducive learning environment. 3) The quality of education at MTs Miftahussalam is good based on academic and non-academic achievements, appropriate teacher qualifications, good learning quality, use of information technology, and student engagement.
Exploring Tourists’ Landscape Preferences in Indonesia Through Keyword Analysis
This study examines tourists’ landscape preferences in Indonesia through the analysis of descriptive words used to express perceptions of natural and urban environments. Using an exploratory qualitative approach, open-ended responses were collected from domestic and international tourists who described what they found appealing and unappealing in various landscapes. Text data were cleaned, coded, and analyzed using frequency counts and wordcloud visualization to identify dominant patterns. The results reveal that natural landscapes are primarily associated with positive terms such as beautiful, green, water, mountain, and calm, indicating that visual harmony, natural elements, and tranquility are central to their appeal. Conversely, urban landscapes are linked to words like building, crowded, traffic, and residential, suggesting that the dominance of man-made structures and congestion reduces aesthetic appreciation. These findings confirm that tourists generally prefer open, natural, and visually balanced settings over dense urban environments. The study contributes to understanding how tourists linguistically express visual and emotional responses to landscapes, providing insights into the patterns of landscape appreciation within Indonesia’s diverse tourism context. The results can guide destination managers in emphasizing natural features and improving urban environments to align with visitor preferences.
Analysis of Strengthening Environmental Awareness through the Adiwiyata Program
Environmental degradation is a pressing global issue that demands systemic responses, including through formal education. This study investigates the implementation of the Adiwiyata Program at SDN Kalijaga Permai and its contribution to strengthening students' environmental awareness. A research gap exists in that previous studies have largely focused on administrative compliance and physical infrastructure of the Adiwiyata Program, while the internalization of environmental values and its direct impact on student behavior has received limited attention. This study addresses this gap by examining how habituation activities within the Adiwiyata Program shape actual student behavior. A qualitative case study approach was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews with the school principal, Adiwiyata coordinator, and four teachers; participatory observations; and open-ended questionnaires distributed to 32 students. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The findings reveal that continuous habituation activities—encompassing waste management, cleanliness maintenance, greening programs, and teacher role modeling—positively contribute to the development of students' environmental awareness. However, inconsistencies remain in water conservation practices and independent student initiative. These findings highlight the need for a more values-oriented approach within the Adiwiyata framework to ensure deeper internalization beyond routine compliance.
CRIMINALIZATION OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LEGAL RULES APPLICABLE IN INDONESIA
The criminalization of medical personnel is a legal issue that continues to emerge as public legal awareness and medical disputes increase. In practice, not all medical consequences that harm patients can be classified as criminal acts. This article aims to analyze the phenomenon of the criminalization of medical personnel from the perspective of applicable legal regulations in Indonesia, by examining the criminal and health legal frameworks, the boundaries between medical risks and criminal acts, and legal protection efforts for medical personnel. The method used is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results show that Indonesian law essentially provides protection mechanisms for medical personnel. However, in practice, there is still a tendency to prematurely apply criminal law to medical incidents that should be resolved through ethical and civil mechanisms. Therefore, clear boundaries regarding criminalization are needed to ensure fair legal protection for medical personnel.
The Effect of Health Education Using Audio Visual Simulation (SIMAV) Method on First Aid Knowledge of Adolescents in Kadugede Subdistrict, Kuningan Regency
First aid knowledge among adolescents is crucial for handling emergency situations effectively. Health education using the Audio Visual Simulation (SIMAV) method is considered an interactive and efficient strategy to improve understanding. This study was conducted to assess the impact of SIMAV-based health education on adolescents’ knowledge of first aid in Kadugede Subdistrict, Kuningan Regency. A quasi-experimental design employing a one-group pretest–posttest approach without a control group was utilized. The study involved 17 adolescents who were selected using purposive sampling. Knowledge was measured using a validated questionnaire Data were collected prior to and following the intervention. The analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The findings revealed that the average pre-test score was 58.24 (SD = 13.91), which increased to 80.29 (SD = 7.39) in the post-test. The Wilcoxon test demonstrated a statistically significant enhancement in participants’ knowledge after the intervention (p < 0.001).All participants demonstrated an increase in scores, with none showing a decrease or no change.Conclusion: Health education using the SIMAV method is effective in enhancing adolescents’ first aid knowledge and can be implemented as an interactive educational strategy.
A Circular Economy Model for ESG-Driven Sustainable Management Practices: Lessons from Community-Based Irrigation Waste Management
Increasing environmental pressure, resource scarcity, and sustainability demands have intensified the urgency of adopting alternative development models, particularly in waste management practices. In developing countries such as Indonesia, community-based irrigation waste management continues to face complex environmental, social, and governance challenges due to limited infrastructure, weak institutional capacity, and low public participation. In this context, the integration of circular economy principles with Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) frameworks offers a promising pathway to promote sustainable management practices beyond purely technical solutions. This study aims to examine the role of circular economy implementation in fostering ESG-oriented sustainable management practices within community-based irrigation waste management in Indonesia. A quantitative research approach was employed using survey data collected from community members actively involved in irrigation waste management. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to assess the relationships between circular economy practices, ESG dimensions, and sustainable management practices. The findings indicate that circular economy implementation has a positive and significant effect on ESG performance as well as on sustainable management practices. Moreover, ESG dimensions serve as a mediating variable that strengthens the relationship between circular economy practices and sustainable management outcomes.These results provide empirical evidence supporting the integration of circular economy and ESG frameworks at the community level. This study contributes to the literature on circular economy and ESG by offering an applicable and replicable conceptual model for sustainable community based environmental management.
The Effect off Emotional Support, Instrumental Support, and Transformational Leadership on Generation Z Employee Performance at PT X, Kuningan Regency
Employee performance is a critical determinant of organizational effectiveness, particularly among Generation Z employees who exhibit distinctive work values, expectations, and motivational drivers compared to earlier cohorts. This study investigates the effects of emotional support, instrumental support, and transformational leadership on the performance of Generation Z employees at PT X in Kuningan Regency. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 51 Generation Z employees selected using purposive sampling within a non-probability sampling framework. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression, preceded by validity and reliability assessments to ensure measurement robustness. The findings reveal that emotional support and transformational leadership exert positive and significant effects on Generation Z employee performance, whereas instrumental support does not demonstrate a significant influence. These results indicate that psychological and relational factors, particularly supportive interpersonal interactions and inspirational leadership behaviors, play a more substantial role in enhancing Generation Z performance than tangible or material-based assistance. This study contributes to the growing literature on Generation Z workforce management by emphasizing the importance of socio-emotional resources and transformational leadership practices in optimizing employee performance within contemporary organizational contexts.
Fake Bandwidth Classification in Internet Networks Using Convolutional Neural Networks
The rising incidence of corruption in bandwidth procurement within the Indonesian ISP sector has attracted considerable public attention. This phenomenon can be mathematically quantified when users receive bandwidth that does not correspond to their contractual agreements, resulting in significant financial losses due to service quality falling substantially below what is paid for. The concept of "fake bandwidth" was introduced by Azriel Christian Nurcahyo during 2023–2024, referring to situations where allocated bandwidth is not fully delivered actual performance may be reduced by 20–30%, or even exceed 50%. Empirical verification remains challenging as it requires capable hardware and real-time analytical computation. This motivated investigation using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), selected for its processing speed advantages over GRU or LSTM, and its capability for continuous real-time computation over 1–2 weeks without degrading server performance. The model was implemented at the University of Technology Sarawak (UTS), Malaysia, for objective evaluation prior to deployment in Indonesia. Testing employed training-testing ratios of 30%, 50%, and 70%, with continuous data processing over 10–12 days using a symmetrical 100 Mbps configuration. Ground Truth results indicated: Fake 23.39%, Genuine 53.85%, No Heavy 6.41%, and Unclassified 16.35%. CNN classification identified: Fake 23.25%, Genuine 52.75%, No Heavy 7.12%, and Unclassified 16.88%. The CNN achieved an error rate of 3.07% with classification accuracy of 96.93% from 1,300,100 test samples. The novelty of this research lies in demonstrating that even within a major university network, a fake bandwidth rate of approximately 23% persists. The system remains operational and under active development to enhance efficiency and adapt to various router types.
The Relationship Between Internal Quality Assurance, Internal Quality Audit, and Accreditation Outcomes: An Exploratory Case Study at A Private Higher Education Institution
Internal quality assurance (IQA) serves as a fundamental pillar in the sustainable governance of higher education. However, empirical studies examining the relationship between IQA, internal quality audits, and accreditation outcomes remain limited particularly within the context of private higher education institutions. This study aims to explore the potential correlations between the performance of internal quality assurance as measured through monitoring and evaluation (M&E) activities the results of Internal Quality Audits (AMI), and program-level accreditation outcomes. Employing a descriptive-correlational quantitative approach, the study analyzes 2024 M&E data, AMI scores, and accreditation results from 2025 and prior periods, focusing on four academic programs within a single private university. Internal quality assurance is assessed using four key indicators: consistency in monitoring and evaluation, achievement of quality standards, completeness of documentation, and follow-up on evaluation results. The analysis reveals a tendency toward positive correlations among IQA scores, audit scores, and changes in accreditation outcomes. These findings suggest that internal quality assurance and internal audits may function as supportive mechanisms for achieving accreditation goals, though the results remain contextual and exploratory in nature.
Systematic Literature Review of Google Sites-Based Digital Teaching Materials for Function Composition in Vocational High Schools
The development of digital technology has encouraged the use of web-based learning media to improve students' understanding of mathematical concepts. One of the platforms used is Google Sites, which allows the integration of text, images, videos, and interactive exercises in a single learning medium. This article aims to review the literature related to the use of Google Sites in mathematics learning, specifically Function Composition material at the vocational high school level, and analyze its effectiveness on student learning outcomes through pre-tests and post-tests. The method used is a literature study with descriptive analysis of scientific articles, journals, and related publications published between 2019 and 2025. The results of the study show that Google Sites is effective in improving students' conceptual understanding, engagement, and learning motivation, although research focusing on Function Composition material in vocational high schools is still limited. These findings emphasize the importance of appropriate media design, teacher assistance, and systematic learning outcome evaluation. This article provides a basis for the development of digital teaching materials and further research to improve the quality of mathematics learning in vocational high schools.
Financial Literacy and Financial Management Behavior: Mediating Effects of Financial Self Efficacy and Family Financial Socialization in Food and Beverage MSMEs
Poor money handling still creates problems for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), particularly in the food and drink sector. Issues like low financial literacy (FL), insufficient financial self-efficacy (FSE), and the effect of family financial socialization (FFS) are thought to change how business owners manage their finances (FMB). This study aims to look at how FL affects FMB, while also considering the parts played by FSE and FFS as connecting factors among MSME owners in the food and drink area of DKI Jakarta. A measurement approach is used, using a questionnaire method, with information being processed using Structural Equation Modelling–Partial Least Squares. Discoveries show that FL has a good effect on FMB, FSE, and FFS. Furthermore, both FSE and FFS are proven to have a helpful impact on FMB and act as connectors between FL and FMB. These outcomes indicate that the FMB of MSMEs is affected not only by how much financial understanding the owners have, but also by both mental and group factors that impact how financial understanding is put into practice in actual situations. This paper provides a conceptual benefit that deepens the grasp of MSME money actions and offers a useful benefit that can guide the making of fuller and longer lasting rules and plans for MSME expansion.
Inclusive Tourism for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Parental Perceptions in Bandung City
This study aims to identify the perceptions of parents who have children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) regarding the safety and comfort needed by children when participating in tourist activities. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with parents of children with ASD. Most children with ASD face unique challenges and difficulties in life, particularly when participating in tourism activities. The study findings indicate that tourism activities are significantly influenced by safety and comfort factors. Perceptions of safety include parents’ concerns and anxieties. Perceptions of comfort involve the availability of an environment that addresses the child’s sensory, emotional, and social needs. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of implementing inclusive tourism for children with ASD, tailored to their needs and preferences regarding the unique challenges and issues they face, to create a enjoyable travel experience.
Utilization of VBA and Excel as a Technological Innovation for Item Analysis
Item analysis plays a crucial role in educational evaluation to ensure the validity and reliability of test instruments. Manual calculations of difficulty index (p), discrimination index (D), and reliability coefficients such as KR‑20 are often time‑consuming and prone to human error. This study introduces an innovative approach by utilizing Microsoft Excel combined with Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) to automate item analysis. The developed macro system allows educators and researchers to input answer keys and student responses, then automatically calculates difficulty index, discrimination index, validity categories, and KR‑20 reliability. In addition, the system generates visual outputs in the form of bar charts, pie charts, and reliability graphs, making interpretation more accessible. A simulated dataset of 20 students with 20 multiple‑choice items was used to demonstrate the system’s functionality. The results show that 80% of items fall into the moderate category, 75% are valid, and the KR‑20 reliability coefficient reaches 0.811, which is categorized as high. These findings confirm that the test instrument has good quality and demonstrate that VBA/Excel‑based automation provides accurate, efficient, and reproducible item analysis. This innovation highlights the potential of accessible spreadsheet technology to democratize item analysis, making it practical for educators across diverse contexts.
The Effect of Autocratic Leadership, Emotional Support, and Ethical Leadership on the Performance of Generation Z Employees at PT Delta Majalengka
Employee performance is an important aspect in supporting the achievement of organizational goals, especially in companies dominated by Generation Z employees. This generation is characterized by its adaptability to change, yet it is also sensitive to leadership styles and the treatment they receive in the workplace. Differences in leadership styles and forms of support provided by leaders are believed to influence employee performance levels. This study aims to analyze the effects of autocratic leadership, emotional support, and ethical leadership on the performance of Generation Z employees at PT Delta Majalengka. This research employs a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to Generation Z employees at PT Delta Majalengka and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that autocratic leadership, emotional support, and ethical leadership have an effect on the performance of Generation Z employees. These findings suggest that the implementation of appropriate leadership styles, along with emotional support and ethical values in leadership, can enhance the performance of Generation Z employees.
Surface Protection Systems for Reinforced Concrete in Marine Environments: A 2019–2025 Scoping Review on Chloride Ingress Mitigation and Corrosion Resistance
Chloride-induced reinforcement corrosion is a dominant degradation mechanism in reinforced concrete structures located in coastal and marine regions, leading to cracking, spalling, performance deterioration, and reduced service life. Various surface protection systems including coatings, surface modification, and material-based approaches to enhance ion-transport resistance have been developed as barriers to reduce chloride ingress and delay corrosion initiation. This study presents a scoping review of the 2019–2025 literature to map research directions, commonly used evaluation indicators, and evidence gaps in assessing the performance of surface protection for reinforced concrete in marine environments. The synthesis is organized thematically according to: (i) types of protection systems (alternative-binder-based coatings, hybrid coatings, and supporting durability approaches), (ii) evaluation indicators (pull-off adhesion, water absorption/sorptivity, chloride migration/diffusion parameters, electrochemical corrosion indicators, and microstructural characterization), and (iii) exposure protocols (immersion, wet–dry cycles, NaCl/seawater, and other aggressive environments). The literature indicates growing attention to more sustainable surface protection strategies, particularly those based on alternative binders and surface modification to improve stability and mitigate phenomena such as efflorescence. However, inconsistent testing protocols, limited long-term/field validation, and the still-weak linkage between microstructural evidence and chloride transport parameters as well as electrochemical corrosion responses remain major challenges. The proposed research agenda includes standardizing a “minimum evidence set,” strengthening interface and microcrack evaluation, and integrating microstructure transport corrosion indicators to support more reliable recommendations for coastal infrastructure.
Beyond Emergency Response: From Event-Based Regulations to System-Based Regulation in the Governance of Post-Disaster Health Crisis Management in Aceh
Employee performance plays a critical role in achieving organizational objectives, particularly in organizations dominated by Generation Z employees, who exhibit distinct work characteristics compared to previous generations. This study aims to examine the influence of servant leadership, participative leadership, and quality of work life on the performance of Generation Z employees. A quantitative approach was employed using a survey method. The sample consisted of 56 Generation Z employees, comprising 50 females and 6 males, with the majority aged under 25 years. Data were collected through online questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The findings reveal that servant leadership has a significant positive effect on employee performance. In contrast, participative leadership and quality of work life do not show significant partial effects. However, the three variables collectively exert a significant influence on employee performance. These results highlight the critical role of service-oriented leadership in enhancing the performance of Generation Z employees, suggesting that leadership approaches emphasizing empathy, support, and employee development are particularly relevant for this cohort.
Although Green Employee Behavior (GEB) has been extensively explored in corporate and business environments, far less attention has been given to its development within educational institutions, particularly private elementary schools. In fact, schools hold a vital role in nurturing sustainability values from an early stage through the example set by educators. This study investigates how Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) and Green Transformational Leadership (GTL) contribute to shaping Green Employee Behavior (GEB), while also examining the mediating roles of Green Knowledge Sharing (GKS) and Employee Environmental Awareness (EEA). Using a quantitative explanatory approach, data were gathered through a survey of 214 permanent teachers from private elementary schools across five areas of Jakarta. Responses were measured using a fivepoint Likert scale and analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results indicate that GHRM positively influences GEB both directly and indirectly through Green Knowledge Sharing. In addition, Green Transformational Leadership strengthens Green Employee Behavior by enhancing Employee Environmental Awareness and encouraging knowledge-sharing practices among educators. Practically, the study suggests that schools should implement structured green HR policies, promote collaborative green knowledgesharing practices, and develop transformational leadership competencies to foster environmental awareness and sustainable employee behavior in educational institutions.
Analysis of The Role of Car Spareparts Sales Applications as A Digital Transformation Strategy in Four-Wheel Vehicle Service Companies
Digital transformation is essential for four-wheel vehicle service companies to enhance competitiveness and operational efficiency. One widely adopted strategy is the use of car spare parts sales applications integrated with workshop services. This study aims to analyze the role of such applications as a digital transformation strategy in four-wheel vehicle service companies. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed through direct observation, in-depth interviews with business owners and operational managers, and documentation analysis. The findings show that the application improves inventory control, accelerates transaction processes, enhances financial record accuracy, and supports better coordination between sales and service activities. However, challenges related to employee adaptation and system integration were identified. The study concludes that car spare parts sales applications play a significant role in supporting digital transformation, and their effective implementation requires strong management support, employee training, and continuous system development to achieve sustainable business performance.
Developing A Digital Fundraising Web Platform to Enhance Social Impact Outcomes
The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed fundraising practices by enabling wider outreach, improved transparency, and enhanced efficiency; however, many social impact programs continue to face challenges related to donor engagement, fund management, and accountability. This study focuses on the implementation of a digital fundraising web system aimed at enhancing social impact outcomes through optimized fundraising processes and strengthened stakeholder interaction. The system was developed using a web-based architecture and designed following the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), encompassing requirement analysis, system design, implementation, and testing phases. Key features include donor registration, campaign management, secure online donation processing, real-time monitoring, and reporting dashboards that allow donors and administrators to track fund utilization transparently. System evaluation was conducted through functional testing and user acceptance testing involving system administrators and donors to assess usability, performance, and reliability. The results indicate that the implemented system improves operational efficiency, minimizes manual errors, and increases transparency in fundraising activities, which in turn enhances donor trust and participation. Moreover, the platform supports more effective allocation of funds toward social programs, contributing to measurable improvements in social impact outcomes. This research demonstrates that the adoption of a digital fundraising web system can serve as a strategic tool for social organizations to leverage information technology in achieving sustainable social impact. The study contributes to the multidisciplinary discourse on digital innovation and social entrepreneurship by providing an applicable model for technology-driven fundraising systems, while future research may explore the integration of advanced data analytics, mobile platforms, and artificial intelligence to further optimize donor engagement and impact assessment.
Analysis of the Influence of Make-up Spending, Income Sources, and Self-reward Habits on Generation Z’s Interest in Saving Money
The habit of saving money has emerged because many members of Generation Z face financial problems influenced by a consumptive lifestyle, especially in terms of beauty and self-satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the influence of makeup spending, income sources, and self-reward habits on the interest in saving among Gen Z, as well as to identify consumption patterns related to self-control and financial inclusion levels. This study uses a quantitative approach with an online questionnaire distributed through social media. The results show that makeup spending has a negative effect on interest in saving due to social trends. Income sources have a positive effect, although low financial inclusion limits access to financial instruments. Self-reward habits decrease interest in saving, although self-control and financial literacy can moderate this negative effect. Peer influence reinforces consumptive behavior, while good financial literacy increases the willingness to save. These findings are in line with studies on pocket money, lifestyle, self-control, and repeated makeup purchases.
Increasing environmental pressure, resource scarcity, and sustainability demands have intensified the urgency of adopting alternative development models, particularly in waste management practices. In developing countries such as Indonesia, community-based irrigation waste management continues to face complex environmental, social, and governance challenges due to limited infrastructure, weak institutional capacity, and low public participation. In this context, the integration of circular economy principles with Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) frameworks offers a promising pathway to promote sustainable management practices beyond purely technical solutions. This study aims to examine the role of circular economy implementation in fostering ESG-oriented sustainable management practices within community-based irrigation waste management in Indonesia. A quantitative research approach was employed using survey data collected from community members actively involved in irrigation waste management. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to assess the relationships between circular economy practices, ESG dimensions, and sustainable management practices. The findings indicate that circular economy implementation has a positive and significant effect on ESG performance as well as on sustainable management practices. Moreover, ESG dimensions serve as a mediating variable that strengthens the relationship between circular economy practices and sustainable management outcomes. These results provide empirical evidence supporting the integration of circular economy and ESG frameworks at the community level. This study contributes to the literature on circular economy and ESG by offering an applicable and replicable conceptual model for sustainable community based environmental management.
The Application of Concept-Based Learning on the Mathematical Connection Skills of Slow Learners
Slow learners often have difficulty understanding mathematical concepts and relating these concepts to other relevant situations. One important skill that needs to be developed is mathematical connection skills. This study aims to determine the mathematical connection skills of slow learners through the application of a concept-based learning model. This study aims to determine the mathematical connection ability of slow learners through the application of a concept-based learning model. This study uses the Single Subject Research method with an A-B-A design on eighth-grade students in junior high school. The data obtained were then analyzed using within-conditions analysis and between-conditions analysis. The results of the study show that the mathematical connection abilities of students before the intervention were in the low category, with an average score of 27, while during the intervention, the average score became 80, and after the intervention through the application of the concept-based model, the average score increased. These results indicate that the application of the Concept-Based Learning model can improve the mathematical connection abilities of slow learners and assist students with learning difficulties during the mathematics learning process.
Digital Transformation of Social Welfare Services in Madiun Regency
This study intends to analyze the condition of social welfare in Madiun Regency by referring to the 2024–2026 Regional Development Plan (RPD) document. The main focus of the study includes the challenges of poverty alleviation, empowerment of vulnerable groups, the effectiveness of social welfare policies, and the role of digitalization and integration of social data in inclusive social services. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive approach with document analysis as the main method, supported by secondary data from government institutions and scientific references. The results of the study indicate that although the local government is strongly committed to improving social welfare governance, structural problems such as data inequality, limited human resource capacity, and minimal digital integration continue to hamper the program's effectiveness. On the other hand, digitalization and the utilization of integrated social data present strategic opportunities to create increasingly adaptive and inclusive social services. This study recommends strengthening the regional social information system, increasing the capacity of the apparatus, and multi-party collaboration as further steps to accelerate the achievement of equitable social welfare in Madiun Regency.
THE ROLE OF EMPOWERING LEADERSHIP IN ENHANCING INNOVATIVE BEHAVIOR AMONG MILLENNIAL AND GENERATION Z IN THE HEALTHCARE SECTO
In the high-stakes environment of regulated industries, the tension between strict compliance and the necessity for innovation creates a unique challenge for organizational leaders. Rather than acting as mere supervisors, modern leaders must serve as facilitators who empower their teams to navigate these boundaries with creative responsibility. This study investigates how an empowering leadership style fosters innovative behavior, specifically by examining the roles of psychological empowerment and knowledge sharing among 200 Millennial and Gen Z professionals in Indonesia's pharmaceutical and medical device sectors. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the analysis demonstrates that while leadership positively influences all studied variables, it is the internal sense of psychological empowerment rather than the formal exchange of information that acts as the primary catalyst for innovation. Surprisingly, generational differences proved to be an insignificant factor, as both cohorts adapt similarly to the industry's rigorous regulatory framework. Consequently, the findings suggest that organizations should move away from age-based management strategies and instead prioritize leadership practices that build the psychological confidence and autonomy of their employees to sustain long-term innovative growth.
Formulation of Bagelen With Mung Bean Flour Substitution as An Alternative Snack for Obesity
Obesity remains a nutritional problem in Indonesia. Diet therapy for obesity can be achieved through a high-fiber diet. One potential source of fiber is mung bean flour. Bagelen products with mung bean flour substitution have the potential to be developed into high-fiber products for obesity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the sensory properties and nutritional content of Bagelen formulations with mung bean flour substitution. This study used a completely randomized experimental Design conducted from August to November 2025. Product development and organoleptic testing were carried out in the nutrition laboratory, Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon. There were three Bagelen formulation treatments with different ratios of wheat flour to mung bean flour, including F1 (80:20), F2 (70:30), and F3 (60:40). The variables analyzed included organoleptic properties (30 panelists) and nutritional content (moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, crude fiber, and energy). Data was analyzed using the ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The results showed that mung bean flour substitution significantly affected hedonic organoleptic characteristics, including color, aroma, taste, texture, aftertaste, and overall acceptability (p<0.05). F1 is a selected formula with a nutritional content of 418.70 kcal of total energy, 4.67 kcal of water, 1.38 kcal of ash, 15.64 g of fat, 8.36 g of protein, 62.71 g of carbohydrates, and 7.23 g of fiber per 100 g. F1 also qualifies as a high-fiber food product. A Bagelen made with a mung bean flour substitute has the potential to be a healthy, high-fiber snack alternative for obese individuals.
Strengthening Nutritionist Competence in Community Health Centers as a Strategy to Address Stunting: A Descriptive Qualitative Study
Nutritionist competence constitutes a critical determinant of effective community nutrition services and plays a strategic role in stunting reduction at the primary health care level. Despite national efforts to reduce stunting prevalence, limited empirical evidence has examined how nutritionist competencies are enacted in routine practice within resource-constrained primary health care settings.This study aimed to explore and analyze nutritionist competencies in terms of knowledge, technical skills, and communication abilities in implementing stunting management programs at a primary health center in eastern Indonesia. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed using in-depth interviews, observations, and document review involving 11 participants: three nutritionist (female, aged 30-42 years), five mothers of children with stunting (female, aged 40-41 years), the head of the primary health center (male, 57 years), and two district level nutrition program managers (female, aged 32-36 years). The findings reveal that while nutritionist demonstrate adequate technical competence in anthropometric assessment and intervention delivery, gaps remain in participatory communication, digital data reporting consistency, and structured supervision mechanisms. Strengthening nutritionist competencies through integrated human resource management strategies, continuous professional development, and supportive organizational systems is essential to enhance the effectiveness of stunting reduction efforts in primary health care settings.
Effectiveness of Virtual Reality dan Digital Simulation in Medical Education: A Scoping Review Clinical Competency Development
The digital transformation in medical education is driving the use of technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR) and digital simulations as tools for learning clinical skills. These technologies help students learn in a safe environment. In addition to clinical skills learning, technology is also being used in other competency learning, such as cognitive and affective aspects. However, a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness, barriers to implementation, and long-term impacts of these technologies is needed. This study aims to examine the scientific evidence regarding the influence of VR and digital simulations on medical students' mastery of competencies such as clinical skills, cognitive aspects, and affective aspects. This study used a scoping review approach by searching for articles from several databases such as PubMed, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Article selection was based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, with study quality assessed using the JBI and MERSQI instruments. Seven articles were eligible for review. Results showed that using VR increased the chance of passing exams by up to 85% compared to conventional learning methods. VR is used in various fields such as anatomy learning, Problem-Based Learning (PBL), clinical skills training, and OSCEs. Furthermore, VR contributes to the development of student empathy through immersive simulations. Conclusion: Virtual Reality technology and digital simulation have a positive impact on medical students' achievement. Despite its many benefits, the implementation of this technology still requires careful planning and further research on its cost-effectiveness and long-term impact.
Integrating an HAKI-Based Menstrual Calendar to Examine the Relationship between Nutritional Status, Dietary Intake Patterns, and Menstrual Cycle Regularity among Adolescent Girls
Adolescents generally experience very rapid growth so that nutritional needs increase. The problem in adolescence in Indonesia in 2019 is that most people often consume food that does not meet balanced nutrition with a nutritional status of 8.5%, overweight 16.4% and obesity 6.1% (Global Nutrition Report, 2019). Many teenage girls experience menstrual irregularities due to excess nutrition. The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and food intake patterns and menstrual cycle regularity in adolescent girls at MTs Negeri 2 Ciamis, Ciamis Regency. This type of research is descriptive analytics with a correlational approach. The independent variables are nutritional status and food intake patterns, while the dependent variable is the menstrual cycle. The research population was 190 teenage girls in grades VIII and IX. The sampling technique was carried out using Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling with a total of 129 people. The research instruments used questionnaires, digital scales and microtoises. Data analysis was carried out using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Spearman Rank test. The nutritional status was normal for 78 people (60.5%), the pattern of adequate food intake was 84 people (65.1%), and the menstrual cycle was normal for 94 people (72.9%). There is a weak relationship between nutritional status and menstrual cycle regularity with p-value = 0.003 and r value = 0.257, and there is a weak relationship between food intake patterns and menstrual cycle regularity with p-value = 0.001 and r value = 0.285. Conclusion: There is a relationship between nutritional status and food intake patterns and the regularity of menstrual cycles in adolescent girls. It is hoped that young women can maintain a balanced diet and adequate nutrition, to help maintain reproductive health and regular menstrual cycles.
Designing A Busy Book With The Theme of SelfIdentity as A Learning Medium for Early Childhood Education at PAUD Ash Shidiq
The discussion about the golden age period in children has been heard by all of us very often, this very rapid development for early childhood must be balanced with the provision of training to early childhood to help in its growth and development to be maximized, the use of busy books is widely used to provide simulations and also as a teaching medium for early childhood by helping children learn in a more fun and effective way. In this research, the theme of designing a busy book with the theme of self, the sub- theme of body members for early childhood, this busy book is designed as a learning media for early childhood to introduce the names of body members, know their functions, and how to care for their body members. The method used in this research is the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate). The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of innovative and effective learning media for early childhood, teachers also use of this busy book to help children learn about their body members in a fun way.
The Influence of Transactional Leadership Style, Continuance Commitment, and Emotional Support for Employee Retention Intentions Gen Z at the Cirebon Shoe Factory
Employee retention intention is a strategic issue for organizations, particularly amid high job mobility among Generation Z employees in the manufacturing sector. This study aims to examine the influence of transactional leadership style, continuance commitment, and emotional support on the retention intention of Generation Z employees working in a shoe factory in Cirebon. This study employed a quantitative explanatory approach. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 51 Generation Z employees selected using purposive sampling and analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS, supported by validity and reliability tests. The results indicate that simultaneously, transactional leadership style, continuance commitment, and emotional support significantly affect employee retention intention. Partially, transactional leadership style has a positive and significant effect, while continuance commitment and emotional support do not show a significant effect. These findings highlight the importance of leadership practices in improving retention intention among Generation Z employees.
Influence of Recovery Strategy And Rehidration upon Recovery Perception and Performance Following Fatiguing Exercise In College Students
Regular physical exercise significantly reduces morbidity and mortality (death) by lowering risks for chronic diseases like heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers, improving mental health, and increasing overall longevity. But exercise can sometimes cause fatigue that interferes the daily activities, and the right recovery strategy can help a person recover more quickly. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of various recovery methods and rehydration on physical performance and recovery perception. The 36 college students (age 24,3±5,1 years, 67,6±16 kg, 166,5±5,2 cm, and VO2max 40,6±2,25 ml/kg/min) divided into six treatment groups: K1 (passive recovery, n=6), K2 (active recovery, n=6), K3 (electrolite water, n=6), K4 (green coconut water, n=6), K5 (active recovery + electrolite water, n=6), and K6 (active recovery + green coconut water, n=6). All subject underwent a fatigue protocol using the Yoyo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIRT1) and handgrip strength dan sprint 20m and rating perceived exertion (RPE) were measured before and after the recovery intervention to assess the effects of various types of treatment. A difference test analysis will be conducted to observe the effect of each treatment group. The results of this study indicate that there was a significant difference in the reduction of RPE (p<0,05) and the electrolyte water group showed the most significant decrease. There was no significant difference in handgrip strength and 20 m sprint parameters (p>0,05). Electrolite water significant decreasing short term perceptual recovery after high intensity training, electrolite water should be implemented after high intensity training.
Nutritionist competence constitutes a critical determinant of effective community nutrition services and plays a strategic role in stunting reduction at the primary health care level. Despite national efforts to reduce stunting prevalence, limited empirical evidence has examined how nutritionist competencies are enacted in routine practice within resource-constrained primary health care settings. This study aimed to explore and analyze nutritionist competencies in terms of knowledge, technical skills, and communication abilities in implementing stunting management programs at a primary health center in eastern Indonesia. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed using in-depth interviews, observations, and document review involving 11 participants: three nutritionist (female, aged 30-42 years), five mothers of children with stunting (female, aged 40-41 years), the head of the primary health center (male, 57 years), and two district level nutrition program managers (female, aged 32-36 years). The findings reveal that while nutritionist demonstrate adequate technical competence in anthropometric assessment and intervention delivery, gaps remain in participatory communication, digital data reporting consistency, and structured supervision mechanisms. Strengthening nutritionist competencies through integrated human resource management strategies, continuous professional development, and supportive organizational systems is essential to enhance the effectiveness of stunting reduction efforts in primary health care settings.
A Systematic Literature Review of Students' Spatial Visual Ability in Geometry Transformation Based on Student Achievement
Visual–spatial ability represents a critical cognitive component in mathematics learning, particularly in geometric transformations, including rotation, translation, reflection, and dilation. Although previous studies have emphasized the importance of this ability, limited research has examined visual–spatial ability based on students’ academic achievement levels (high, medium, and low). This study presents a systematic literature review (SLR) of 24 empirical articles published between 2020 and 2025 to examine the relationship between visual–spatial ability and learning success in geometric transformations across different achievement groups. The study selection followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and utilized two primary databases, namely Crossref and Google Scholar. Thematic analysis was employed to identify patterns of effective instructional strategies and variations in students’ responses across achievement levels. The findings indicate that high-achieving students generally demonstrate stronger spatial capabilities that support abstract understanding of geometric concepts, whereas low-achieving students benefit more from contextualized and concrete visual approaches. These results highlight the importance of implementing differentiated pedagogical strategies that align instructional design with students’ achievement profiles in order to optimize learning outcomes in geometric transformation topics.
Top Management Support and Project Performance: Parallel Mediation through AI Adoption and Environmental Responsiveness
Project performance shortfalls persist in Malaysia’s oil and gas sector, implying executive support improves outcomes only when it activates enabling capabilities. Using TOE (with RBV and DOI support), this study tests whether top management support (TMS) influences project performance (PP) indirectly through parallel mediation via AI adoption (AIA) and environmental responsiveness (ER). Survey data from 412 professionals were analyzed using PLS-SEM with bootstrapping. TMS significantly increases AIA and ER; AIA significantly improves PP, while ER shows a marginal effect. The direct TMS→PP relationship is not significant, but the total indirect effect is significant, indicating indirect-only mediation. The findings clarify how executive support translates into performance through digital and adaptive capabilities; practically, leaders should operationalize support via AI governance and investment, alongside routines to sense and respond to regulatory and stakeholder pressures.
Ethics and Professionalism Challenges in Digital Learning Practices in Medical Faculty: An Evidence-Based Case Review
Implementation of Digital learning in medical education is challenging. Since Professionalism and Professional Identity is a core competency, implementing Digital technology including Virtual Reality (VR) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) can intervene development of Professionalism Identity. This Evidence Based Case Review aims to find the impact of implementations Digital Technology in medical students through various implementation in the medical curriculum. The research indicates that the developmental patterns of professionalism among students remain varied. While the use of VR and AI is perceived to achieve the desired educational impact, their implementation triggers significant ethical and professional concerns, such as data privacy, secondary skills achievements, and professional integrity. The integration of technology in medical education needs ethical considerations within the curriculum to ensure that technological advancements do not affect medical professionalism.
The Role of Psychology in Higher Education Leadership
Higher education leadership is confronted with increasingly complex challenges arising from globalization, digital transformation, and growing demands for quality assurance. University leaders are expected to demonstrate not only strong managerial and academic competencies but also a sound understanding of the psychological dimensions of individuals and groups within academic organizations. This article aims to examine conceptually the role of psychology in higher education leadership and its implications for leadership effectiveness. A literature review approach was employed, drawing on relevant scholarly sources, including academic books, peerreviewed journal articles, and previous empirical studies on psychology and higher education leadership. The review reveals that psychological competence is critical to effective decision-making, faculty motivation and performance, organizational communication, conflict management, and the practice of transformational leadership in higher education institutions. Accordingly, the integration of psychological competencies into leadership development programs is essential to enhance organizational performance and improve the quality of higher education.
Effectiveness of Dash Diet (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) Education on The Level of Knowledge in Preventing Hypertension in The Elderly at The Kedungwungu Public Health Center
Hypertension is a condition in which a person experiences an increase in blood pressure exceeding the normal limit, which is more than 140/90 mmHg. One non-pharmacological therapy for hypertension sufferers is providing education on the DASH diet. The DASH diet (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) is a diet to lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients, or a diet to reduce salt consumption and consume foods containing high sodium. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of DASH diet education on the level of knowledge in preventing hypertension in the elderly at the Kedungwungu Community Health Center. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre- and post-test design with one group. The research instrument used a record sheet in the form of a questionnaire about DASH diet knowledge. Results : The results of the Wilcoxon test produced a Z test statistic of -4.301 with a significance value of 0.000, stating that DASH diet education was significantly proven to be effective in increasing the level of knowledge in preventing hypertension before and after being given DASH diet education. Conclusion : Providing DASH Diet education has proven to be very effective in increasing the knowledge of elderly people with hypertension. Suggestion : It is hoped that DASH diet education can be implemented comprehensively in health services.
Integrating Higher Education and Non Formal Education: A Collaborative Model for Sustainable Community Development
The integration of higher education and non-formal education represents a strategic approach to advancing sustainable community development, particularly in expanding lifelong learning opportunities and strengthening community capacity. However, collaboration between these two sectors often remains fragmented, short-term, and insufficiently structured within an equitable and sustainable partnership framework. In response to this challenge, this study aims to examine and formulate a collaborative model that integrates higher education and non-formal education in support of sustainable community development. This study employed a qualitative case study design conducted at a non-formal education institution, PKBM Ibun, located in Bandung Regency, Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis involving representatives from higher education institutions, non-formal education practitioners, and community members. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns of collaboration, implementation mechanisms, stakeholder roles, and contributions to social, educational, and economic sustainability. The findings indicate that effective collaboration is characterized by dialogical partnerships, the integration of academic knowledge with local practices, and active community engagement throughout all stages of program implementation. The resulting collaborative model not only enhances community learning capacity but also strengthens social participation and the sustainability of local development initiatives. The novelty of this study lies in the development of an integrative collaborative model that positions higher education and non-formal education as equal partners within a social learning ecosystem, contributing to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.
Integration of Fail2Ban as An Artificial Intelligence Based Cyber Security System with Random Forest Algorithm for Adaptive Detection of SSH Brute Force Attacks
Brute force attacks targeting Secure Shell (SSH) services remain one of the most prevalent threats to Linux-based servers, particularly when traditional security mechanisms rely solely on static threshold rules. This study proposes and evaluates the integration of Fail2Ban with a machine learning approach using the Random Forest algorithm to enhance adaptive detection of SSH brute force attacks. The experimental setup was implemented in a controlled virtual environment consisting of an Ubuntu Server as the target system and Kali Linux as the attacker. Fail2Ban was configured using the jail.local policy with parameters maxretry = 5, findtime = 3 minutes, and bantime = 1 hour. Authentication logs generated from repeated failed SSH login attempts were collected and processed as input features for the Random Forest classifier, including failed login frequency per IP address, inter-arrival time of login attempts, targeted usernames, destination ports, and connection status. Experimental results demonstrate that Fail2Ban successfully blocked malicious IP addresses after 15 failed login attempts, while the Random Forest model significantly improved detection performance by reducing false positives and enabling adaptive recognition of evolving attack patterns. The findings indicate that combining rule-based intrusion prevention with machine learning-based log analysis provides a more intelligent, efficient, and adaptive cyber defense mechanism compared to conventional static approaches. This research contributes both practically and academically to the development of artificial intelligence-assisted log monitoring systems for strengthening Linux server security against brute force SSH attacks.
The Effect of Employer Branding, Organizational Culture, and Transformational Leadership on the Retention of Millennial Employees at Suzuki Indosarana Cirebon
Employee retention remains a critical challenge in contemporary human resource management, particularly in managing millennial employees who are characterized by higher job mobility, strong career expectations, and a preference for meaningful work environments. Although prior studies have examined various determinants of employee retention, limited research has simultaneously investigated the roles of employer branding, organizational culture, and transformational leadership within an integrated model, especially in the automotive industry context. Addressing this gap, the present study examines the effects of employer branding, organizational culture, and transformational leadership on millennial employee retention at Suzuki Indosarana Cirebon. This study adopts a quantitative approach using structured questionnaires administered to 60 millennial employees. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to evaluate both individual and simultaneous effects of the independent variables on employee retention. The findings reveal that employer branding and transformational leadership exert positive and statistically significant effects on employee retention. Conversely, organizational culture does not demonstrate a significant individual effect. This result may indicate that millennial employees prioritize leadership quality, career development opportunities, and organizational reputation over shared organizational values when making decisions about staying in an organization. Furthermore, the simultaneous test indicates that employer branding, organizational culture, and transformational leadership collectively have a significant effect on employee retention (F = 37.608; p < 0.001), with the model explaining a substantial proportion of variance (Adjusted R² = 0.651). These findings underscore the strategic importance of strengthening employer branding and transformational leadership practices to enhance millennial employee retention, particularly in the automotive industry. The study contributes to the employee retention literature by providing an integrated framework that highlights the relative importance of reputational and leadership-related factors in retaining millennial employees.
The Effect of Spiritual Leadership, Servant Leadership, and Organizational Culture on Employee Engagement among Millennial Employees at Hospital X in Cirebon
Employee engagement is an important factor in improving employee performance and service quality, particularly among millennial employees who dominate the workforce in the healthcare sector. A high level of employee engagement is essential for hospitals as service-oriented organizations to ensure optimal patient care. This study aims to examine the effects of spiritual leadership, servant leadership, and organizational culture on employee engagement among millennial employees at Hospital X in Cirebon. Data were collected through a survey using structured questionnaires distributed to 70 (seventy) employees of Hospital X in Cirebon using a non-probability sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression, accompanied by validity and reliability tests. The results indicate that spiritual leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee engagement, servant leadership does not have a significant effect, and organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on employee engagement among employees at Hospital X in Cirebon.
Service Quality and Pricing Strategies for Customer Satisfaction in Food Service Businesses
The food service industry is experiencing intensifying competition, compelling businesses to continuously enhance service quality and adopt effective pricing strategies to improve customer satisfaction. This study aims to examine the influence of service quality and pricing strategy on customer satisfaction in the food service sector. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed, with data collected through structured questionnaires from 100 respondents selected using purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 27, including validity and reliability tests, multiple linear regression, t-tests, F-tests, and coefficient of determination (R²). The findings indicate that service quality has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, particularly reflected in the dimensions of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles. Similarly, pricing strategy demonstrates a positive and significant influence on customer satisfaction, especially in terms of affordability, price–quality congruence, and perceived value. Furthermore, the simultaneous effect of service quality and pricing strategy on customer satisfaction is statistically significant. These results highlight that maintaining consistent service quality and implementing competitive, value-based pricing strategies are critical determinants in enhancing customer satisfaction within the food service industry. This study contributes both practically, by providing insights for food service managers in designing customer-oriented marketing strategies, and theoretically, by enriching the literature on service marketing and customer satisfaction.
The Role of Digital Innovation in Shaping Business Strategy in the Digital Era: An Empirical Study Using Structural Equation Modeling
Digital innovation has emerged as a fundamental driver of strategic transformation in organizations operating in the digital era. As firms increasingly adopt digital technologies to enhance competitiveness, understanding how digital innovation shapes business strategy becomes critically important. This study investigates the role of digital innovation in shaping business strategy in the digital era using an empirical approach based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Data were collected through a survey of firms actively implementing digital technologies, and the proposed research model examines the causal relationships between digital innovation capabilities and business strategy development. The results reveal that digital innovation has a significant and positive effect on business strategy, enabling organizations to enhance strategic agility, value creation, and responsiveness to market dynamics. Furthermore, the findings indicate that digital innovation serves as a key enabler in aligning organizational resources and strategic objectives in digitally intensive environments. This study contributes to the literature on digital transformation and strategic management by providing empirical evidence on the strategic role of digital innovation. These findings highlight important guidance for managers in formulating data-driven and innovation centered strategies to ensure sustainable competitiveness in today’s digital environment.